There are many ways that people discuss photographic exposures, and all of them tend to use analogies. One of the easiest to comprehend is the “window” analogy where an exposure should be thought of as the window on a house. The shutters mounted outside of the window are the same as the shutter in the camera body – controlling how long light enters the window. The window itself can be matched up with the aperture or f/stop setting which controls that actual amount of light entering through the window. The person sitting inside of the window can be viewed as the ISO because they will be able to control how sensitive they are to the light coming in through the shutters and the window. They could put sunglasses on, hold a hand to their eyes, or stare boldly into the light and see the image outside in several different ways.
While that is still not a point by point explanation, it does help to diagram how an exposure is determined for a digital camera – through shutter speed, aperture and ISO. When you begin to compose a photograph you are going to have to understand the priorities for that particular image. For example, is it more important to have the shutter speed at a particular level? Sporting events, or high-speed activities might require the camera to have a very quick shutter to freeze the motion. This means that the photographer is going to have to know how to work with aperture and ISO to make the photo a success.
When shutter speed is the priority the photographer will have to allow as much light in as possible and make their camera sensor (ISO) very sensitive too. This will mean a lower f/stop setting and a higher ISO. Is that it? Actually, a larger aperture will impact the depth of field and a high ISO can introduce graininess into the image. This means that the photographer is going to have to set their aperture wide enough to allow light without creating an overly blurred foreground or background. They will also have to understand if any “noise” from a higher ISO is going to ruin their image as well.
Still confused? If you think of exposure as a triangle of three interconnected and overlapping settings it will help to ensure that nothing is forgotten when composing a shot and taking the image. A final word of advice is to also learn about bracketing shots, which change a camera’s settings up or down one number (in ISO, shutter speed, or aperture) to ensure that at least one exposure has optimal results.
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Benipayo Photography
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Contact: Michael at michael@benipayo.com
408-717-3670 — 415-763-7643
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